/ 



CV' / (/f 




^eniyylvkniaTour^^ 




Pennsylvania Tour 



MEXICO, 



Affording Four Weeks in the Land of the Aztecs. 



BY A superbly-appointed TRAIN. 



ROUND-TRIP TICKETS INCLUDE ALL NECESSARY 
TRAVELING EXPENSES. 







J. R. WOOD, 

General Passeti-ger Agent. 



GEO. W. BOYD, 

Assistant GenH Passenger Agent, 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S91, by 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 






Allen, Lane & Scott, Printers, Philadelphia. 



Pennsylvania Tour 

TO 

MEXICO. 



" World wrongly called the new ! Thy clime was old 
When first the Spaniard came in search of gold." 

WHETHER, as many archaeologists claim, Mexico and Central 
America hold the connecting links which alone will com- 
plete the broken chain of mythical information shrouded 
about the Rameses tombs and Aztec pyramids and temples, 
remains for time and intelligent exploration to solve. If 
not older than Egypt, certainly its ancient history is as prolific with 
legend and romance, and its story as fascinating as that of her elder 
sister (if Egypt is the elder), and when it goes back to the Aztecs and 
Toltecs and beyond, the narratives are as similar as are the pyramids, 
the temples, and the idols, and the aspect of cities with low flat-roofed 
houses spread upon a plain whose trees are feathery palms recalls de- 
scriptions of the land of the Pharaohs. 

The Moor left his monument to Spain in the Alhambra, the Aztec 
his to Mexico in the pyramid at Cholula. 

The American who travels has been a hunter after the antique as 
well as warm weather in winter, and when he could combine the two 
his journey was altogether a pleasure trip ; he found them both in a 
mild way on the peninsula of Florida, but the old Castle of San Marco, 
at St. Augustine, was the most ancient ruin — in fact, was almost the 
only one ; the weather was warm enough, excepting an occasional 
" norther," and the territory of pleasure travel attractive though some- 
what limited. Gradually travel was extended to Cuba, and at last 
when the great railways to Mexico were completed a veritable Egypt 
of antiquities was found, and an Italy of sunny skies without crossing 
the seas ; tourists were content and their number increased greatly. 

(3) 



As to latitude, Mexico occupies the same position as Egypt — the 
Tropic of Cancer passes through both countries at their centres. But 
the comparison is in favor of Mexico. Although that country lies 
near and partly within the tropics, the high altitude of a greater por- 
tion where the lines of pleasure travel run is such that a perpetual 
spring time is the average of the weather, and while the traveler visits 
the scenes of the charming readings that have been his, he finds a 
clime to his liking, conducive at once to health and pleasure. Such 




POPOCATAPETL. 

travels can have but one result — a result that is apparent and goes 
without saying. 

Under the Diaz Administration Mexico has fairly leaped to the front 
with progressive movements. It is now that tourists are directing their 
steps to this interesting land of the Aztec, Spaniard, and Indian. 

It is decided, however, by one of the most experienced travelers 
and lecturers that the only proper way to journey through this country is 
by a well-regulated personally-conducted tour, and to this end the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Company has arranged this exceptional one. 



A WORD ABOUT PENNSYLVANIA TOURS. 



THE success of the Pennsylvania Railroad's personally-conducted 
tours to the Golden Gate and Pacific Coast points, which were 
inaugurated and run during the early months of 1891, induced 
the Company to announce not only a series covering the same ter- 
ritory for 1892, but also a tributary tour into that peculiarly attract- 
ive land of Mexico, replete with innumerable points of pleasure and 
health interest. 

UNDER PERSONAL ESCORT. 

The idea that pleasure travel, under personal escort, could be 
created and conducted by railroads originated with the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company, and its development has demonstrated the truth of 
the claim. Since its inauguration the Tourist Department has steadily 
expanded. It has won and maintained the favor of the traveling public, 
by reason of the fact that large resources, an intimate and friendly in- 
tercourse with connecting lines, liberal rates, and superior equipment 
places the Company in a commanding position and enables it to operate 
this branch of its business on the highest grade of excellence. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad Company is not unmindful of the fact 
that pleasure travel is increasing year by year. The American people 
are awakening to the realization that there is something to be seen on 
this continent and it is the purpose of these tours to provide the 
ways and means of gratifying their patriotic inclination in the most 
satisfactory, comfortable, and profitable manner, through the regularly 
appointed methods of travel, with only the addition of the supervising 
care of the Tourist Agent and Chaperon. 

With this aim in view the Company has, during the past four years, 
conducted a system of pleasure tours that have been entirely unique in 
the history of such undertakings. It has been the endeavor of the 
management to surround its patrons with all the facilities promotive of 
comfort and pleasure that enterprise could suggest and capital provide. 
The trains have been reproductions of the best express trains, for which 

(5) 



the Pennsylvania Railroad is justly celebrated ; the parties have been 
conducted by tourist agents especially selected for their ability and 
experience, and chaperons have been introduced as assistants to the 
tourist agents. 

The Chaperon, a lady of culture and refinement, is charged with 
special care of the ladies. She not only ministers to their comfort in 
countless ways that suggest themselves to an experienced traveler, 
but has a watchful eye for those delicate attentions which might es- 




IXTACCIHUATL. 

cape the observation of the sterner sex. Ladies who would shrink 
from the idea of traveling alone may intrust themselves to her care with 
implicit confidence, as she will not only prove a companion, but will 
stand to them in that relation of protectorship which conventionality 
requires. While all the ladies will be the objects of her care, her especial 
charge will be those who are not accompanied by male escorts. No lady 
or party of ladies need hesitate for a moment to join one of these tours 
on account of the inability of husband or brother to act as escort. 



The presence of the Chaperon removes every impediment that would 
deter a timid woman from undertaking a journey alone, and places 
them on a footing as independent as that enjoyed by the men. 

In addition to the high-grade accommodations and entertainment in 
transit, the Pennsylvania tourists are treated with the same liberality 
wherever the journey is broken. The choicest rooms in the leading 
hotels are always reserved for their use, for which regular rates 
are paid, so that the guests, although members of a large party, en- 
joy all the privileges of individuals who may have made their own 
selections. 

THE MEXICO TOUR. 

It has been designed, in mapping out this tour, to cover a period 
of about four weeks for sight-seeing in Mexico, in which time to re- 
view her shadowy history of past empires and long-vanished races, her 
love of ancient splendor, her conquest, her people, and to visit all the 
principal points of interest. The tour will leave New York February 
loth, 1892, running via Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Mammoth Cave, Birming- 
ham, Montgomery, New Orleans, Houston, Galveston, and San An- 
tonio ; thence via Spofiford Junction, Eagle Pass, and into the land of 
the Aztecs over the Mexican International Railroad and Mexican Cen- 
tral Railway, arriving at the City of Mexico on the afternoon of Feb- 
ruary 25th. Incidental visits will be made to Torreon, Zacatecas, Aguas- 
calientes, Leon, Silao, Marfil, Guanajuato, and Queretaro. On Thurs- 
day, March 3d, the party will leave the City of Mexico for a few days' 
jaunt through the semi-tropical sections of the Republic, visiting Esper- 
anza, Orizaba, Paso Del Macho, Santa Ana, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Cholula, 
and returning to the City of Mexico the following Monday morning, 
where a stop will be made until Tuesday afternoon before starting on 
the homeward journey. Returning, the tour will leave the City of 
Mexico Tuesday, March 8th, via the Mexican Central Railway, visiting 
Guadalajara, Aguascalientes, and Chihuahua e7i route to El Paso, where 
Sunday will be spent, and at a late hour that night the tour will leave 
homeward-bound, visiting Albuquerque, Santa F6, Las Vegas Hot 
Springs, Pueblo, Colorado Springs (Manitou), Denver, and Chicago en 
route, arriving in New York March 21st. The rate for this tour will be 
I460.00 from Boston ; I450.00 from New York, Philadelphia, and other 
points on Pennsylvania Railroad system east of Pittsburg ; I445.00 from 
Pittsburg ; covering every necessary expense during period absent. 



HOW THE TOURISTS TRAVEL. 

The train for the conveyance of this party to and from Mexico 
has been constructed by the Pullman's Palace Car Company especially 
for this service. It will consist of a Composite Smoking Car, a Din- 
ing Car, Drawing-room Sleeping Cars, and an Observation Car, all 
of the latest Pullman Vestibule pattern. In fact, it will be an exact 
counterpart of the world-renowned Pennsylvania Limited, which, 
by universal verdict, is the handsomest and best-appointed passenger 
train in existence. 

A brief sketch of the cars in the order in which the train is made 
up will serve to give a faint conception of its magnificence. 

The Pullman Vestibule Composite Car is exclusively a gentleman's 
car. The forward end is set apart for baggage. A compartment in- 
troduced into this car is fitted up as a barber-shop and bath-room. 
A regular barber's chair and all the paraphernalia of the tonsorial artist 
are at hand. He shaves the subject with an ordinary razor, and ac- 
complishes his task as deftly as if his shop were stationary, instead of 
having progressed say fifteen miles between the lather and the brill- 
iantine. A bath-tub occupies one side of the compartment, and the 
hot and cold water which fills the tub may be tempered to the taste 
of the bather. Adjoining the bath-room there is a refreshment compart- 
ment, from which a white-jacketed attendant may dispense exhilarating 
beverages in response to the tap of an electric bell. 

The main portion of the car is a smoking-saloon. It is finished 
in natural wood, furnished with comfortable rattan arm-chairs, a 
lounge, a sofa, and two writing-desks, each surmounted by a small case 
of selected books. The upholstery is rich, but substantial, and well in 
keeping with the purposes of the compartment. Broad plate-glass win- 
dows, slightly bowed, admit a great volume of light, and reveal to the 
occupants a panoramic view of the passing scenery. In this, as in the 
other cars of the train, handsome chandeliers of nickel or brass depend 
from the roof, fitted with gas-burners and electric-light bulbs. Apart 
from the stationary lights there are also movable electric lights attached 
by insulated wire to the sides of the car, capable of being shifted to 
any position desired by the user. Their convenience in reading or 
writing is inestimable, as one may shift the light to suit his position. This 
admirable arrangement originated with, and was introduced into practical 
use by, the electrical department of Pullman's Palace Car Company. 



A DELMOXICAX DIXIXG CAR. 

The Dining Car is not only a dining-room in which forty people, dis- 
posed at ten tables, can dine in the most comfortable manner, but it con- 
tains a kitchen in which four cooks can prepare meals for thrice the seat- 
ing capacit}' of the car, a storage-room for the provisions, ice-chests for 
wines, china-closets, linen-lockers, and the entire outfit of a large res- 
taurant. The kitchen at the forward end is equipped with four ranges, 
on which ever>' variety of cooking is easily done. The most skillful 
housewife would hardly believe that so much \\ork could be accom- 
plished in so contracted a space, yet by the economizing of every 
inch and the ingenious employment of every device that cunning 
minds could originate, the purpose of the dining car is achieved most 
successfull}'. 

The dining-tables are fixed in the body of the car, and accom- 
modate four persons each, allowing ample room for the service of 
a meal in courses. Glistening silver and glass-ware vie in brilliancy- 
with the spotless linen, and above the tables, in the spaces between 
the windows, potted plants are placed on shelves set in the hard 
wood. The interior of the car is bright and cheerful in finish and 
decoration, and no odors of the kitchen are noticeable within the 
dining-saloon. 

A conspicuous advantage of the dining car, and one that is appre- 
ciated most highly by all long-distance travelers, is the regularit}- with 
which meals are served, and the liberal time allowed for taking them. 
The serving of breakfast or dinner is not dependent on the arrival at 
a designated meal station, nor is the limit for consuming it confined 
to the dyspepsia-breeding period of twenty minutes, but between fixed 
hours the meals are ready, regardless of where the train may be, 
and one may tempt a perhaps capricious appetite as free and untram- 
meled as to time as if he were seated in Young's, Delmonico's, or 
the Bellevue. 

The hours for meals will be observed as follows : — 

Breakfast 7.00 to 9.00 A. M. 

Luncheon 12.30 to 2.00 P. M. 

Dinner 6.00107.30?. M. 



LUXURIOUS SLEEPING QUARTERS. 

The Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars composing this train are the 
best examples of nineteenth century car-building. They each contain 
twelve sections of two double berths, and two drawing-rooms, con- 
taining two double berths and a sofa. Inclosed toilet-rooms for ladies 
and gentlemen occupy separate ends of the car, and in addition the 
drawing-rooms are equipped with private toilet attachment. A dis- 
tinct species of wood is employed in the finish of each car, and each 
possesses an individuality of its own in the coloring of upholstery and 
the tint of the drapery. The ornamentation of these cars is elaborate, 
though tasteful. The hard-wood finish is handsomely carved, and 
the e.xposed surface of the upper berths is inlaid with delicate tracery, 
or covered with appropriately-tinted embossed velvet. The several 
chandeliers, which might equally as well be termed electroliers, hang 
in glittering clusters from the roof-ridge, and at night shed a mellow 
radiance over the exquisite workmanship which they illuminate. Mov- 
able lights are attached to each section, so that one can lie in one's 
berth and read, with the light disposed as best suited to the reader's 
convenience. 

In one of these cars there is a bath-room for ladies, fitted in every 
respect as if it were attached to a lady's chamber at home. It is 
supplied with hot and cold water, as well as all the accessories of 
the toilet. A lady's maid is in attendance, ready to serve one's bid- 
ding, and always on the alert to anticipate the wants of the passengers. 

A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE ROUTE. 

By large odds the most popular car in the train, and one which ex- 
emplifies the latest development of transcontinental travel, is the Obser- 
vation Car, which brings up the rear. Its interior presents a revelation 
in car-construction. The body of the car is an open sitting-room, finished 
in hard wood, and furnished with rattan arm-chairs and sofas. Among its 
conveniences are a writing-desk, a library of selected books, movable 
tables, and one of Blasius & Sons celebrated upright pianos, which 
cannot fail to prove a source of much pleasure. The daylight streams 
through handsome plate-glass windows, and at night the incandescent 
lights, both from the overhead electroliers and the movable globes, 
serve to thoroughly illuminate the interior. The rear door is composed 



of plate-glass from its top to within two feet of the floor. The rear 
platform is deeply recessed, so as to form an open observatory. The 
protecting sides of the car and the overhanging roof shelter its occu- 
pants while they sit and enjoy an unobstructed view of the scenery. 



>:^' 




OPS I\ N 



The platform will accommodate about twenty people in camp-chairs. 
This car is for the free use of every passenger. 

In the forward portion of the main saloon sits a stenographer and 
typewriter, ready to take down and transcribe, without charge, the 
thoughts of the tourists for transmission to friends left behind. This 



feature has never before been presented on any train in the world except 
the Pennsylvania Limited and Golden Gate Tours, and it will undoubt- 
edly commend itself to the appreciation of the tourists. 

Jhe entire train will be heated by steam and lighted by electricity 
generated by the dynamo or drawn from the storage batteries. 

No other train has ever intersected this wondrously picturesque home 
of the Aztecs so perfect in its appointment, and no regular traveler can 
secure such accommodations as are offered to the Mexico Tourists by the 
enterprise and liberality of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 

BAGGAGE. 

A baggage car, in charge of Pennsylvania Railroad Company's 
baggage-master, will be attached to special train, and tourists may have 
access to baggage therein throughout the entire trip. One hundred 
and fifty pounds of baggage will be allowed on each whole ticket, and 
seventjr-five pounds on each half ticket. Specialtags will be furnished 
each purchaser of tickets, one of which, bearing name and home address, 
as a ready means of identification, should be attached to each piece of 
baggage to be checked, and such baggage checked by tourist to Cincin- 
nati, the first halting point. These checks will be collected by the 
special baggage-master on train. After checks have been delivered 
to the special baggage-master tourists need give themselves no further 
concern regarding baggage, as all necessary transfers and rechecking 
will be attended to. 

At Eagle Pass, on the going trip, and at Juarez, returning, the 
customs officers will board special train for inspection of luggage. They 
are very polite and their duties quickly performed. 

SOME HINTS. 

American gold always commands a premium, and bank drafts 
are in demand. The rate of exchange may not be quoted here, as it is 
constantly changing, but it is usually from thirty to forty per cent. The 
currency most in use is silver, but bank notes are in circulation among 
those able to own them. Some of the paper money is not accepted 
beyond the limits of the States where issued, but the notes issued by 
the Banco Nacional and those of the Bank of London, Mexico, and 
South America are good anywhere. For every-day use silver is reC' 
ommended. 



13 

The metric system is the legal coinage, but instead of speaking of 
cents the number of reales is named in giving prices, dos reales, twenty- 
five cents ; cuatro reales, fifty cents ; seis reales, seventy-five cents ; and 
un peso, one dollar. The smallest copper coin is a tlaco, one and one- 
half cents, except the centavo, one cent piece ; a cuartilla is three cents ; 
a medio, six and one-fourth cents ; a real, twelve and one-half cents ; a 
peseta, twenty-five cents ; a toston, fifty cents ; and a peso is a dollar. 
The gold coins are seldom seen, the onza de oro is sixteen dollars ; the 
media onza, eight dollars ; th&pisfola, four dollars ; the esciido de oro, two 
dollars ; the escudito de oro, one dollar. 

Change is made to a nicety, and if the line divides a tlaco it is cut in 
two with a hatchet. 

With such clothing as is used in the United States for spring and 
autumn wear, a winter tour of all Mexico may be made. If the jour- 
ney is extended through the "hot country" on the coast, and if any 
stay is to be made, summer clothes will be most comfortable. 



DETAILED ITINERARY 



Pexxsylvaxia Tour through Mexico. 



TUESDAY, 
FEBRUARY gth. 



Leave Boston in Pullman sleeping car, attached 
to the Boston and Philadelphia night express. New 
York and New England Railroad Station (Summer 
Street), 7.00 P. M., Worcester (via Putnam) 7.40, 
Willimantic 9.40, Hartford 10.45, Meriden 11.27 ?■ ^I- ', 
New Haven 12.01 midnight, Bridgeport 12.35 -A.. M. ; 
arrive at Philadelphia 6.40 A. M. following day. Break- 
fast in the Broad Street Station restaurant. Remain in 
Philadelphia until 10.30 A. M. Wednesday, when the 
special train is due from New York. 



WEDNESDAY, 
FEBRUARY loth. 



Tourists will leave New York, Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Stations, foot of Cortlandt or Desbrosses Streets, 
by special train of Pullman vestibule drawing-room 
sleeping, dining, smoking and librar}' and observation 
cars, at 8.20 A. ]M. ; Brookljii (via annex boat, foot of 
Fulton Street) 7.30 A. M. Arrive Philadelphia, Broad 
Street Station, 10.30 A. M. Leave Philadelphia, Broad 
Street Station, 10.40 A. M. and traverse by daylight 
the magnificent garden spots of Pennsylvania to Har- 
risburg, which will be left at 1.40 P. M. From here 
on the ride will be over the famous Allegheny 
Mountain region, the Horse-shoe Cur\'e, past the 

(14) 



15 

ill-fated Johnstown, and reach Pittsburg 8. 30 P. M. 
Eastern time becomes Central time at Pittsburg, and 
watches should be set back one hour. The night 
_^ and early morning will be passed en route to Cincin- 
nati on the Pennsylvania Lines. 

Arrive at Cincinnati, the "Queen City," over the 
Pennsylvania Lines at 6.30 A. M., where the day will 
be spent in reviewing places of interest, prominent 
among which are the Art ^luseum in Eden Park, and 
the noted Zoological Garden. Numerous attractive 
^JL^V?^^^^^' drives well repav the time in taking. (See page 27.) 

FEBRUARY nth. ^ , *; - . .„ , , . ^ 

Luncheon and dmner will be served at the Burnet 
House, comer Third and Vine Streets, and at ir.30 
P. I\L Cincinnati will be left, over the Louis\ille and 
Nashville Railroad, from same station at which tour 
arrives. Sleeping cars open at 9.00 P. ^L 

At 7.00 A. M. Glasgow Junction will be reached 
and breakfast enjoyed on the dining car. From here, 
at 9.00 A. ^L, tourists will leave by regular train for one 
of the most delightful side-trips to Mammoth Cave, 
which will be reached at 9.40 A. 3L (See page 27.) 
Luncheon will be served at the Cave Hotel. Leav- 
ing Mammoth Cave at 4.00 P. ]NL they will reach 
FRIDAY, Glasgow Junction at 4.30 P. jNL, and embark on their 

FEBRUARY 12th. special train at 5.00 P. M. via the Louisx-ille and 
Nashville Railroad for Birmingham, Ala. This twi- 
light ride through the historic Southern fields is not 
without its interest, but soon the gray tints of the 
approaching night will enshroud the fast-flying train, 
and not until early Saturday morning will Birming- 
ham be reached, where several hours will be spent 
sight-seeing. 

Leaving Birmingham at 12.30 P. M., the tourists 
will arrive in Montgomery- at 4.00 P. >L, where three 
hours will be profitably employed in \isits. (See 



i6 



SATURDAY, 
FEBRUARY 13th. 



SUNDAY, 

FEBRUARY 14th, 

and 

MONDAY, 
FEBRUARY 15th. 



TUESDAY, 
FEBRUARY i6th. 



page 28.) Leave Montgomery 7.00 P. M. The run 
over the Louisville and Nashville Railroad from 
Montgomery will enable the tourist to arrive in New 
Orleans early the following morning. The party 
will remain in their home on wheels, which will be 
side-tracked at a convenient point on Elysian Fields 
Street and used during the stay there. 



In New Orleans. (See page 28.) 



Leave New Orleans at 12.00 noon via Southern 
Pacific Railroad through the " Louisiana low lands" 
and Texas. Almost immediately after passing through 
Algiers (the Jersey City of New Orleans), the way leads 
through the famous rich sugar lands. Vast reaches of 
canefields come into view, peopled with groups of sable 
laborers, the monotony of the horizon is broken by the 
planters' homes, and large mgenios, or sugar-mills, at 
frequent intervals. On speeds the train through long 
aisles of submerged forest land, moss-draped and 
gloomy, where, now and then, drowsy alligators, dis- 
turbed by the intrusion upon Nature's quiet, roll slug- 
gishly into the black waters. 



WEDNESDAY, 
FEBRUARY 17th. 



Arrive at Houston 3.00 A. M., after a run of three 
hundred and sixty-two miles from New Orleans, and 
proceed via Gulf, Colorado and Santa F^ Railroad at 
4.00 A. M. on a side trip to Galveston, which will 
be reached 7.00 A. M. Visit points of interest cov- 
ered by carriage ride, included in ticket. (See page 
30.) Leave Galveston at 2.00 P. M. for Houston, 
which is reached again at 4.00 P. M., and six hours 
will be devoted to sight-seeing (see page 29) ; leaving 
at 10.15 P- M. via Southern Pacific Company. The 
run west will be taken up again during the night for 
San Antonio. 



17 



THURSDAY, 
FEBRUARY i8th. 



Arrive at San Antonio 7.00 A, M. Here a drive 
about the city and visits will be arranged to the 
Alamo, the Government Post, and the Missions. (See 
page 30.) Leave San Antonio at i.oo P. M. for Eagle 
Pass, which will be reached at 6.30 P. M., and after 
crossing the Rio Grande to Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, 
where a short halt will be made, and then leave via 
Mexican International Railroad. The entrance is 
made into Mexico at this point, but ere the next 
stop is made tourist will be gliding along through 
the State of Coahuila 'neath the shadow of Mexican 
mountains. At Eagle Pass Central time changes to 
City of Mexico time. Watches should be set back 
thirty-six minutes. 



FRIDAY, 
FEBRUARY igth. 



The section of Mexico first traversed is an arid 
and unproductive region, although here and there 
through the valleys are found fertile spots — oases in 
the desert. Nothing of particular scenic interest or 
importance is lost to the tourists in making a large 
part of this trip in the night. 

At 11.00 A. M. Torreon will be reached, and 
one and a half hours' stop will be allowed, where 
enough of interest will be found to occupy profitably 
the time. (See page 31.) Leave Torreon at 12.30 
P. M. via the Mexican Central Railway, its main line 
extending twelve hundred and twenty-four miles from 
Juarez to the City of Mexico, this distance not includ- 
ing its branches, and over its entire length the tourists 
travel before again reaching the domain of the United 
States, the line from Torreon to the City of Mexico be- 
ing traveled twice. As the journey is continued south- 
ward from Torreon along the borders of the States of 
Coahuila and Durango, the route nears the mountains. 
During the night the train, by a succession of tortuous 
windings around a mountain, reaches an elevation of 
over eight thousand feet above the sea level, and 
Zacatecas is at hand. 



SATURDAY, 
FEBRUARY 20th. 



18 

Tourists will arrive at Zacatecas at 3.00 A. M., and 
remain all day to visit the points of interest (see page 
31), and enjoy a side trip by tramway to Guadalupe. 
Leave Zacatecas 4.00 P. M. 

At Zacatecas Station there is no sign of a city, 
but when the train leaves the passenger will get on 
the left hand a full view of a city of sevent^^-five thou- 
sand people a hundred feet below. With its low, flat- 
topped houses, and here and there a domed church, 
one could easily be persuaded that the scene was laid 
in Syria rather than in our western hemisphere. 
The train winds around the mountain side, keeping 
the city in view for several minutes. During this part 
of the trip the rear platform of the observation car 
will be an especial coign of vantage. Before Zacate- 
cas fades from view Guadalupe appears, and the 
scene presented is one of marvelous beauty ; in the 
distance Lake Pevernaldillo is discernible. Enough 
of daylight will be left to show the rich agricultural 
character of the country and the beautiful* fertile val- 
levs en route. Arrive Aguascalientes at S.^o P. M. 



At Aguascalientes. (See page 33.) \"isit alame- 
SUNDAY, da, hot springs, and baths. The train will be located 

FEBRUARY 21st. at the station, about one mile distant from plaza, 
which is reached by tramway. 



MONDAY, 
FEBRUARY 22d. 



Leave Aguascalientes, via Mexican Central Rail- 
way, at 3.00 A. M. and arrive at Leon at 8.00 A. M. 
Thirty miles from Aguascalientes the train crosses 
Rio Encarnacion on a loftj- bridge one hundred and 
fifty feet above the stream, which flows through a 
deep ravine. Prior to reaching Encarnacion the 
route enters the State of Jalisco, one of the Mexican 
Pacific Coast States, and the only one touched by the 
party while in Mexico. The city of Leon is one of the 
chief manufacturing centres of Mexico, with a popu- 
lation of upwards of one hundred thousand, and its 



19 

chief industr}^ is in leather goods. Tourists will 
have time to take the tramways to the plaza, and 
likewise visit the cathedrals. Leaving Leon at 1.30 
P. M., still on the Mexican Central Railway, Silao will 
MONDAY, be reached at 2.30 P. M., where all the points of in- 

FEBRUARY 22d. terest may be reviewed. (See page 34.) At 9.00 
P. M., via the Guanajuato Branch of the Mexican 
Central Railway, the special will leave for Marfil, 
which will be reached at 9.45 P. M., and the sleeping 
cars will be utilized for the night's rest. 



In the morning, tramway to Guanajuato will be 
used in reaching this ' ' quaintest and most delightful 
spot under the sun." (See, for description, page 34.) 
Thus the whole of Tuesday will be spent in sight- 
seeing at Guanajuato and Marfil ; the latter point may 
TUESDAY, be reached any time during the day, and at 11.00 P. M. 

FEBRUARY 23d. Marfil will be left via the Mexican Central Railway and 
Silao reached at 11.45 P- M. From here on the route 
is ver}- attractive ; the country for the most part is a 
fertile agricultural one. The culture oi pulque may 
be seen in the great fields as the train speeds on to 
Queretaro. 



WEDNESDAY, 
FEBRUARY 24th. 



At 12.30 A. ]\L the run will be made to Queretaro 
which point will be reached by 7.00 A. M., and the 
remainder of the day until 11.00 P. M. spent in sight- 
seeing. (See page 36 for description of city.) The 
train will be the home of the tourists. 



Leave Queretaro at 4 A. AL, and run in a south- 
erly direction to the City of Mexico, which will be en- 
tered at 1. 00 P. M. After leaving Queretaro the train 
THURSDAY, passes through the noted Hercules factor}^ village 
FEBRUARY 25th. with its tropical groves, then the great stone aque- 
ducts, on through San Juan del Rio, the plains of 
Cazadero, down through the Tula \'alley, and on 
through the cut which opens at Huehuetoca, reveal- 



20 



FRIDAY, 
FEBRUARY 26th. 

SATURDAY, 
FEBRUARY 27th. 

SUNDAY, 
FEBRUARY 28th. 

MONDAY, 
FEBRUARY 29th. 
TUESDAY, 
MARCH ist. 
WEDNESDAY, 
MARCH 2d. 



THURSDAY, 
MARCH 3d. 



ing the first view of the snow-capped mountains, the 
volcanoes of Ixtaccihuatl and Popocatapetl, and the 
plain of Mexico. 



In the City of Mexico. 
In the City of Mexico. 
In the City of Mexico. 
In the City of Mexico. 
In the City of Mexico. 
In the City of Mexico. 



During sojourn in 
City of Mexico car- 
riage drive will be 
taken around the city, 
and short excursions 
to the suburbs, so as 
to cover all important 
points of interest. 



During the stay in the city tourists will be lo- 
cated at Hotel " Iturbide " for sleeping accommoda- 
tion, and their meals will be served at a neighboring 
cafi^. (See page 36 for descriptive matter of the City 
of Mexico.) 

Leaving the City of Mexico at 12.00 noon via 
Mexican Railway, the road runs due north three 
miles alongside the causeway to the village and 
church of Guadalupe. Continuing farther, on the 
right-hand side can be seen Lake Texcoco, the city, 
and volcanoes of Popocatapetl and Ixtaccihuatl, 
which latter are scarcely out of sight during the 
remainder of the day. One hour after leaving City 
of Mexico the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon appear 
on the left. They do not strike the beholder as very 
majestic, but in reality their dimensions are quite im- 
posing, being two hundred and ten and one hundred 
and fifty feet in height respectively. After a ride of fifty 
miles the plains of Apaur, the gre^X pulque district, are 
reached. For miles on either side long rows of maguey 
plants, the source of this national beverage, may be 
seen growing. Esperanza is reached at 5.00 P. M. 
Tourists will remain in the sleepers over night. 



From Esperanza, which is left at 7.00 A. M., the 
train will speed on through the most delightful 
scenic country. In a few minutes Boca del Monte 
is reached, where the down grades begin at a height 
of seven thousand eight hundred and forty-nine feet 
above the sea, and roll to Maltrata, a point only 
five thousand five hundred and forty-four feet, mak- 
ing a descent of two thousand three hundred and 
five feet, and taking sixteen miles of track to reach 
a point immediately below and in sight all the time. 
The little patch of tiled roofs and church with its 
dome of red, to be seen far below in the valley, is 
Maltrata. An idea may be formed of the windings 
of the road in making this descent when it is told 
that the Indians selling fruits and flowers at the little 
station about half-way down will leave by path 
through the cation and reach Maltrata before the 
train arrives, and embrace another opportunity for 
the disposal of their wares. The scenery is be- 
FRIDAY, y^"^ ^^^ description, and the trip will never be re- 

MARCH 4th. gretted nor forgotten. From Maltrata the road fol- 
lows the Rio Blanco through the valley of La Joya, 
the jewel, and Orizaba reached at 9.30 A. M. (See 
page 44.) Orizaba will be left by special train of 
coaches over the Mexican Railway at 10.30 A. M., 
and Paso del Macho reached at 12.30 P. M. This run 
will give a very desirable opportunity for viewing the 
scenery from Orizaba on, as the track lies on the 
mountain side, winds in and out in sharp curves 
through tunnels, over bridges and along ledges where 
the canons are hundreds of feet deep, and coming 
to the Metlac gorge crosses it on a curved bridge, 
which may be seen with the track on the other side 
of the gorge for some minutes before from the right- 
hand windows, and far below is a foaming torrent 
rushing down the barranca under the arches of an 
old stone bridge of the public highway. Leave Paso 
del Macho, returning, at 12.45 P- M., and arrive at 
Esperanza 7.00 P. M. Retire on train. (See page 44.) 



Leave Esperanza via Mexican Railway at 3.00 
A. M., and reach Santa Ana (via Apizaco) at 7.00 
A. M., wliere a transfer by tramway will be made to 
the ancient city of Tlaxcala to visit the palaces, cathe- 
SATURDAY, drals, and many points of interest. The return to Santa 
MARCH 5th. Ana will be made by a tramway, thence the run will 
be made over the Mexican Railway to Puebla, which 
will be reached at i.oo P. M. At 2.00 P. M. a side ex- 
cursion will be made to Cholula, returning to Puebla 
same afternoon. (See page 46. ) 

SUNDAY, In the City of Puebla, the train being the home 

MARCH 6th. of the tourists. (See page 47.) 

Leave Puebla 2.00 A. M., arrive City of Mexico at 
MONDAY, 9.00 A. M. The rest of the day will be devoted in the 

MARCH 7th. City of Mexico, where the train will be the home of 
the tourists until the following afternoon. 



TUESDAY, 
MARCH 8th. 



WEDNESDAY, 
MARCH gth. 



Leave City of Mexico via Mexican Central Rail- 
way at 2.00 P. M. for Guadalajara, which will be 
reached at 11.00 A. M. Wednesday. 

In Guadalajara. (For descriptive matter see page 
48.) This city will be entered by a branch line of rail- 
way extending from Irapuato westward. The road 
traverses the valley of the Rio Lerma, one of the 
most populous regions of Mexico, passing through a 
number of towns, the chief of which. La Piedad, has 
ten thousand inhabitants. La Barca, thirty-nine miles 
farther, is nearly as large. Near Ocotlan the road 
crosses the Rio Grande de Santiago, not far from its 
outlet into Lake Chapala. This lake, although near 
the line, is not seen from the cars. It is the largest 
body of fresh water in the republic, being sixty miles 
long and about fifteen miles wide. It is bordered by 
the States of Michoacan and Jalisco. Stop will be 
made at El Castillo .Station en route to Guadalajara, 
in order to permit visit to the Falls of Juanacatlan, 
reached by tramway. 



23 



THURSDAY, 
MARCH loth. 



FRIDAY, 
MARCH nth. 



SATURDAY, 
MARCH I2th. 



SUNDAY, 
MARCH 13th. 



MONDAY, 
MARCH 14th. 



TUESDAY, 
MARCH 15th. 



WEDNESDAY, 
MARCH i6th. 



In Guadalajara. Leave at 7.00 P. M. 

Arrive Aguascalientes at 7.00 A. M., where four 
hours will give ample opportunity for a second visit 
to baths and other points of interest. At 11.00 A. M. 
the journey will be continued to Zacatecas, where the 
train will arrive at 2.00 P. M., but as this point was 
thoroughly explored in the south-bound trip the train 
will speed on over the scenery previously passed in 
the night. 

At 1. 00 P. M. Chihuahua will be entered. (See 
page 49.) At 7.00 P. M. this old town will be left in 
the rear of the fast moving train in its journey through 
the picturesque region on to El Paso. 

Arrive Juarez at 7.00 A. M. and El Paso 7.30 A. M., 
Mexican time, where there will be a stop over Sunday. 
(See page 51.) Tourists will retire in the cars, as the 
special train will pull away from El Paso at 9.00 P. M., 
Mountain time, twenty-four minutes faster than Mexi- 
can time, over the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F^ 
Railroad. 

Arrive at Albuquerque at 7.30 A. M. Leave Al- 
buquerque at 8.00 A. M., and arrive at Santa F6 12.30 
P. M. (See for descriptive matter page 51.) Leave 
Santa F6 over the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F^ 
Railroad at 3.30 P. M. Arrive at Las Vegas Hot 
Springs at 7.30 P. M., and locate at Hotel Montezuma 
until luncheon the day following. (See page 51.) 

Leave Las Vegas Hot Springs via Atchison, To- 
peka and Santa F6 Railroad at 3.00 P. M., for Pueblo 
via Trinidad and Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, 
which will be reached 

At 2.00 A. M., and left via the Denver and Rio 
Grande Railroad at 2.30 A. M., Colorado Springs (see 
page 52) will be reached at 5.00 A. M., where break- 
fast in the dining car will be taken and then tourists 



24 



THURSDAY, 
MARCH 17th. 



FRIDAY, 
MARCH i8th. 



will be located at "The Antlers." All day Wednes- 
day and Thursday morning at Colorado Springs to 
visit Manitou and Garden of the Gods, included in 
carriage ride covered by ticket. 

Leave Colorado Springs at 12.00 noon over the 
Denver and Rio Grande Railroad for Denver, which 
will be reached at 2.45 P. M., and the remainder of 
day devoted to sight-seeing, including carriage ride 
provided by ticket. Dinner at the Hotel Windsor 
or The Albany. Leave Denver by the Burlington 
and Missouri River Railroad at 11.30 P. M. 

En route through Northern Colorado and Nebras- 
ka to the World's Fair city. At McCook, Neb. , Mount- 
ain time changes to Central time — one hour faster. 



SATURDAY, 
MARCH 19th. 



SUNDAY, 
MARCH 20th. 



Arrive Chicago, via Chicago, Burlington and 
Quincy Railroad, at 9.00 A. M. Breakfast on train, 
and transfer to Auditorium Hotel, where the party 
will be located during sojourn in Chicago. 

Two days for a visit to the various points of inter- 
est in the city, including the parks, the site of the Co- 
lumbian Exposition, and stock-yards. Leave for the 
East by the Pennsylvania Lines at 4.00 P. M. (Central 
time), on the Pennsylvania Lines through Indiana and 
Ohio. 



MONDAY, 
MARCH 2ist. 



Over the main line of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, through the celebrated scenery of the Alle- 
gheny Mountains, along the Conemaugh Valley, by 
the new Johnstown, around the Horse Shoe Curve, 
and through the Juniata Valley by daylight. Eastern 
time east of Pittsburg, one hour faster than Central 
time. Arrive in Philadelphia 4.00 P. M. and New 
York 6.20 P. M. The New England tourists will use 
the Boston Express leaving Philadelphia, Broad Street 
Station, at 6.20 P. M., after supper at the restaurant, 
arriving in Boston early the next morning. 



25 

Round-Trip Rate from Boston $460 OO 

Round-Trip Rate from New York 450 OO 

Round-Trip Rate from Piiiladelphia 450 OO 

Round-Trip Rate from Pittsburg 445 OO 

(The New York rate will apply from all other points on the Pennsylvania Railroad system 

east of Pittsburg and north of and including Quantico, with proportionate rates 

from points west of Pittsburg on the Pennsylvania Company's Lines.) 

Tickets will be sold for children between the age of five and twelve 
years from Boston at $385.00, from New York, Philadelphia, and Pitts- 
burg at fe75.oo, if separate Pullman accommodations are required ; or 
from Boston at I325.00, from New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburg at 
$315.00, if they share the berths of parents or attendants. These rates 
include, in addition to round-trip transportation and Pullman accommo- 
dations (one berth), all meals, hotel accommodations, carriage rides, trans- 
fers, and side trips as outlined in foregoing itinerary, as well as services of 
interpreters. The rate from Boston includes, in addition to above, Pull- 
man accommodations (one berth) Boston to Philadelphia and return, break- 
fast going and supper returning at Broad Street Station, Philadelphia. 

Distance Table. Miles. 

New York to Cincinnati .... 757 

Cincinnati to Mammoth Cave 210 

Mammoth Cave to Birmingham 312 

Birmingham to Montgomery ... 96 

Montgomery to New Orleans 320 

New Orleans to Galveston 415 

Galveston to Houston 53 

Houston to San Antonio 209 

San Antonio to Torreon 552 

Torreon to Zacatecas 267 

Zacatecas to Aguascalientes 75 

Aguascalientes to Leon 105 

Leon to Silao 21 

Silao to Guanajuato . . 15 

Guanajuato to Queretaro 100 

Queretaro to City of Mexico 143 

Side trip over Mexican Railway 510 

City of Mexico to Guadalajara 380 

Forward 4^540 



26 

Miles. 

Forward 4,54° 

Guadalajara to Chihuahua 999 

Chihuahua to El Paso 225 

El Paso to Santa F6 339 

Santa F^ to Las Vegas Hot Springs 90 

Las Vegas Hot Springs to Colorado Springs 275 

Colorado Springs to Denver 75 

Denver to Chicago •. 1,025 

Chicago to New York 912 

8,480 

RATES FOR EXTRA PULLMAN ACCOMMODATIONS. 

Each ticket entitles passenger to one double berth in sleeping cars 
for the round trip (except in the case of children occupying accommoda- 
tions with their parents or traveling companions, for whom separate rates 
are quoted), but extra Pullman accommodations can be secured at the 
following additional charges : — 

Entire section for one person |8o 00 

Drawing-room occupied by one person 210 00 

" " " " two persons 130 00 

" " " " three " 60 00 

Note. — It should be borne in mind that the above are the fofa/ 
charges for use of drawing-rooms, and that the per capita charge for two 
persons occupying drawing-room is I65.00, and that for three persons the 
per capita charge is $20.00. 

DIRECTIONS FOR FORWARDING MAIL. 

On or before Friday, February 12th, to New Orleans, La. 

On or before Saturday, February 13th, to Menger House, San An- 
tonio, Tex. 

From February 14th to 28th, to Hotel Iturbide, City of Mexico, Mex. 

From February 29th to March 7th, Post-office, El Paso, Tex. 

From March 7th to loth, to Hotel Montezuma, Las Vegas Hot 
Springs, N. M. 

From March nth to 13th, to "The Antlers," Colorado Springs, Col. 

From March 14th to 17th, to The Auditorium, Chicago, 111. 

All mail should be addressed in care of Tourist Agent Pennsylvania 
Tour to Mexico. 



Descriptive Outline Sketches 

OF 

INTERESTING POINTS EN ROUTE 
AND IN MEXICO. 



CINCINNATI, O. 

757 miles from New York. 
Beautifully situated on the north bank of the Ohio River, covering 
two plateaus gradually rising from the river, are the homes of the inhab- 
itants forming the Queen City of Cincinnati. The prosperity of the place 
has been phenomenal. Along the river for over ten miles the business 
houses and residences extend. Covington and Newport, Ky., on the 
opposite bank, are connected by fine suspension bridges. The build- 
ings of Cincinnati have a decided air of solidity and comfort about them. 
The drives are numerous and very attractive, and the museums and 
gardens, the Tyler-Davidson Fountain, the Suspension Bridge, and the 
noted Zoo Gardens will repay visits. The chief industries of the place 
are pork-packing, brewing, and the manufacture of boots and shoes. 
These institutions all warrant a visit, and the push and activity of the 
near West is illustrated in the life and business whirl of this place. 

MAMMOTH CAVE, KY. 

967 miles from New York. 210 miles from Cincinnati. 

This cave, in which a distance of two hundred miles may be covered 
in following the numerous natural twists and turns, is undoubtedly one 
of if not the most interesting in the world, outrivaling even the one 
of Adelsberg in Austria. It is filled with grottoes, labyrinths, abysses, 
weird carved echoing chambers, streams, cascades, and lakes. The 

(27) 



28 

temperature in tlie ca\e is almost equal all the year. The entrance to 
the cave proper is very picturesque, leading down a steep rocky gorge. 
The tourist will pass through the Rotunda, along Audubon's Avenue, 
view the Little Bat Room, the Giant's Coffin, the Star Chamber, the 
Fairy Grotto, the Echo River, and a hundred other such strange and 
fascinating points of interest. 

BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 

1279 miles from New York. 312 miles from Mammoth Cave. 
Few points in the New South manifest such marked growth in mate- 
rial prosperity as this exceptionally-located city of Birmingham. At its 
doors are the rich fields of ore begging for release and the most fertile 
agricultural land in the South. Its recent prosperity, in a great measure, 
is not alone due to the fever of "booming," but may be traced to the 
great railroad facilities it enjoys. 

MONTGOMERY, ALA. 

1375 miles from New York. 96 miles from Birmingham. 320 miles from New Orleans. 

Montgomer>^, the capital of Alabama, will ever be famous as the first 
capital also of the Confederate States (from February to May, 1861). Its 
name came from General Richard Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. 
Prominent places of interest worthj^ of visits are the United States Court 
House, Post-Office, City Hall, County Court House, and the State 
House. Scores of interesting suburban points will reveal to the North- 
erner what typical Southern life is. 

NEW ORLEANS, LA. 

1695 miles from New York. 320 miles from Montgomerj'. 

No city in America remained for such a long period of years so dis- 
tinctively foreign as New Orleans. 

Clustering about its early life hang some of the most thrilling events in 
history, while all that bespeak the inimitable gallantry of the French, the 
passionate love and hatred born in the Spanish, and the strikingly brill- 
iant race of Creoles, have given it a peculiarly individualized and origi- 
nal people, of whom Northerners know little or nothing and find hard 
to approach. This is only their exterior, for underneath burns the 
hospitable courtesy of the most earnest sincerity, that trait for which 
Southern entertainment and hospitality have justly received such renown. 



29 



Nowhere else in the world will such varied and novel sights be seen 
as alon^ Charles Street. In a short walk is the old "Cathedral of St. 
Louis " located between the old court-houses, where all the executions 
took place Two or three blocks farther down Charles, back of a high 
stone wall, is the archiepiscopal palace. A few steps from the palace 
and one enters the St. Mary's Chapel, where the Archbishop often ho ds 
service On the comer of Hospital and Royal Streets is one of the old- 
time palatial houses, under whose roof the nobility and famous were en- 

tertained. , , . , , r 

Down Royal Street toward Canal may be seen the high art of ex- 
terior decoration, as displayed by the olden-day architects, particu- 
larly demonstrated in the projecting balcony windows with carved stone 
work Between Royal and Bourbon is the Academy of the Bon Secours 
on Orleans Street. This convent was the dance-house of the theatre, 
and a ball and supper-room, and here were given the famous quad- 
roon " balls. Down Royal Street, at the corner of St. Peter, is one of 
the oldest and most notable houses in the city, owing to its being the 
first four-story house erected in New Orleans. Just back of Congo Square 
where long ago the negroes danced and sang their strange, wild, weird 
songs is the Parish Prison. The "marble-room" in the Custom-house 
on Canal Street is well worth a visit, as it is pronounced one of the 
laro-est and handsomest rooms of any public building in the country 

" General Jackson's headquarters were at 84 Royal Street, and the 
old battle-ground of 1815, in St. Bernard Parish, is now "Chalmette, 
a national cemetery. These places mentioned above should be visited 
as well as the principal points, such as the Lake Pontchartrain, Spanish 
Fort, Metairie Cemetery, CarroUton, the Jockey Club, the French Mar- 
ket, and Under the Oaks, the famous dueling ground. 

HOUSTON, TEX. 

2057 miles from New York. 362 miles from New Orleans. 
Houston is an important railroad centre, and a point of very exten- 
sive general trade. It is a fair example of the prosperous Texan city, 
and is one of the most important stops en route to San Antonio. Its 
location is on Buffalo Bayou, about forty-five miles from the point where 
it enters the Galveston Bay ; as a situation, both from a scenic and 
healthful standpoint, it is considered unrivaled in the State, and has 
been largely resorted to by invalids. It enjoys a large trade in cotton 
and sugar. 



30 
GALVESTON, TEX. 

2II0 miles from New York. 53 miles from Houston. 

Seven hours will be taken to visit this chief city of Texas, which is 
built on an island thirty miles long and three miles wide, separating the 
harbor from the Gulf of Mexico. Viewing the beautiful public buildings 
and picturesque environments will profitably employ the time, for it car- 
ries on one of the largest trades in the South, and its harbor is always 
filled with sailcraft and steamer from points all over the world. Its 
beach, public buildings, its parks and suburbs may all be visited in the 
time allowed. 

SAN ANTONIO, TEX. 

2372 miles from New York. 262 miles from Galveston. 

Six hours is the stop at San Antonio, and the tourist's attention will 
be thoroughly occupied in that time with the numerous points of interest. 

One noted shrine, to which all immediately direct their steps, is the 
Alamo, directly in the centre of the city. As far back as 1698 a handful 
of Franciscan monks, to avoid the encroachments of the French under 
the pretensions of La Salle, removed their tiny settlement from the Rio 
Grande to the mission of San Antonio de Valero. The settlement 
embraced the church, a fort, storehouses, dormitories of the friars 
and huts of the laborers, all inclosed behind a stone wall, which made 
a formidable fortress against the incursions of the Indians. Could the 
walls of the old fort tell their actual story, and the church, what thrill- 
ing and heartrending privations it played an active part in, 'twould 
reveal a history of such interest and feeling the like of which would 
be very hard to equal. It was at the Alamo that the renowned de- 
fense was made by Travis, Borne, Evans, and Davy Crockett with one 
hundred and forty-four men, against Santa Ana with fifteen hundred 
picked soldiers from the Mexican army, who, being goaded on from 
shell behind, at last scaled the walls and butchered the starving besieged. 
The entire town had capitulated at promise of mercy and speedy release, 
but the word of Santa Ana was as uncertain and false as chaff in a wind. 
Four hundred and twelve prisoners, including the garrison, one Palm 
Sunday morning, were brought out in single file and shot down like dogs. 

The ruins of the Alamo are standing, and many a heart and eye are 
full when reading the eloquence graved on the marking "shaft." 
"Thermopylae had its messenger of defeat — the Alamo had none!" 



31 

Government Hill, one of the finest military posts in America, should 
be visited ; it is easily reached, and abounds in interest. A visit to these 
points, as well as the modern buildings on the west side of the Alamo 
Plaza, will pretty thoroughly occupy the time of the tourist in this ancient 
American town. 

TORREON, MEX. 

2924 miles from New York. 383 miles from Eagle Pass. 552 miles from San Antonio. 
706 miles to City of Mexico. 

As a railroad junction point is chiefly notable. It is also a commer- 
cial centre of some importance as the shipping point for the vast cot- 
ton, sugar cane, corn, and wheat growths of the outljdng fields. The 
stop here occupies but an hour and a half, yet in that time sufficient of 
interest may be seen to warrant a little excursion by foot from the 
train about the town. 



ZACATECAS, MEX. 

3191 miles from New York, 267 miles from Torreon. 439 miles from City of Mexico. 

This city of the clouds is eight thousand two hundred and 
five feet above sea level, 
despite the fact of its being 
located in the bottom of a 
picturesque valley. Long 
before its towers and cathe- 
dral domes, like white senti- 
nels, raise their heads above 
the horizon. Nature discloses 
to her lovers scenery as grand 
and overpowering as the can- 
ons of Colorado. Excitement 
coupled with wonder are the 
prevailing sensations as the 
marvelous revelations of 
nineteenth century engineering 
skill pass in review during the run 
of nine miles between Calera and 
Zacatecas. Standing boldly above the 

A STREET SCENE AT MARKET HOUR. 




32 



city is the Bufa (Buffalo), 'a mountain ridge rising five hundred feet 
above the principal park of the city. From its height on the thresh- 
old of the old shrine of the pilgrimages, the Chapel of Los Remid- 
ios, built in 1728, is commanded a view warranting any exertion to 
enjoy. 

The city derives its importance and wealth from the silver mines, 
as it is the figurative heart centre of all mining operations in the 
State of which it is the capital. It was founded as early as 1548, 
and its rapid increase in wealth and influence was the cause of a 
royal order being issued in 1585 by Philip II. of Spain, making it a 
cit5^ 

Its people belong to the ancient Mexican type, proudly maintaining 
their old customs and costumes, and presenting strange and quaint sights 
nowhere else found in Mexico. The Govern- 

ment _^^^. r ""--\ buildings are ver}^ fine structures, 

but .^SBE^^_ iS^iftg'^Mfc^^ the churches and cathedrals 

y' ^H^^ here, as in almost every Mex- 

ican city of age, show the 
lavish expenditure of 
money. The Grand Ca- 
thedral, commenced in 
1612, dedicated in 1752, 
"and consecrated in 1864, 
is of magnificent propor- 
tions and beautifully 
decorated, its interior 
being of pure white 
and gold. A half doz- 
en other churches, all 
dating from the sev- 
enteenth century, pos- 
sess rare interest for the 
tourist. The mint is 
well ^worth a visit, as also the public park, squares, and mines, 
while a visit to Zacatecas could not be counted complete if the omis- 
sion of a side trip to Guadalupe was recorded against one. The dis- 
tance to this beautiful ^park and garden town is but five miles, con- 
nected by a tramway descending by force of gravity and returning by 
the primitive force of mule power. 




33 



AGUASCALIENTES, MEX. 

3,56 .iles fron. New York. 75 miles fro. Zacatecas. 364 miles from Cit. of Mexico, 

Here are located the famous hot springs, from which the place takes 
namf and Ae cit>- holds the reputation of being one of the most attractive 
l^e; in the Republic, and certainly is destined to become one of the 
SeatJs health resorts of the world. To the left of the railway station are 
ZZlTcaNen^es, or warm-water baths heated by Natures own fur- 
nacf In the town proper is a ver^' pretentious bathing establishment 
called the Banos Oucos, where these same waters may be used as they 
aeconducfedthenceinpipes. Here may be seen the dilapidated ch^^^^^^ 
of Neustro Senor de Los Encinos, wherein are some fo^^een hfe-size 
paintings by Lopez. A recent writer describes the baths used b, the 

inhabitants thus :— ,,0 f-,^ ac thp pvp 

"Along the whole length of the canal or sluiceway, as far as the e>e 

can reach are scattered hundreds of natives, of both sexes and all ages 
hdng the water's edge and disporting themselves in every conceivable 
'ZHueskatme. In fact, it might as well be stated that the as-m^^^^^^^^ 
is divided into two classes, those who have somethmg on and those uho 
have nothing-five hundred of the descendants of Montezuma qmetly 
t^ng their laths at high noon, on a public highway-, with only such 
privacy as the Republic of Mexico and the blue sky of heaven afford ! 

LEON, ISIEX. 

^371 miles from Ne^v York. 105 miles from Aguascalientes. 258 miles from 
City of Mexico. 

Leon is a place of one hundred thousand inhabitants, and is one 
of the greatest manufacturing towns in the republic Its ^f ^tion, like 
Torreon, is in the midst of rich grazing lands and highly cul uated 
farms hedged by gigantic cactus of the tree or -''f- ™^>-;°^ 
called on account of its resemblance to the pipes of an organ, and 
'S is a feature of every Mexican landscape. Leon as a place s 
rxceedinc^ly quaint, with narrow, irregularly-angled streets, and cunous 
horn s ani houses'. There are the workshops of the leather^ressers 
and where the noted saddles are finished. Aside from the nianu- 
fectung interest there is a prett,- plaza, where after the business hours 
the inhabitants congregate as one family enjoymg their music and 
cooling drinks. 



34 



SILAO, MEX. 

3392 miles from New York. 21 miles from L'eon. 238 miles from City of Mexico. 

Silao has about fifteen thousand inhabitants ; it is very pleasantly 
built in a picturesque section of the country. There is quite a large 
English-speaking population, due principally to its being the headquar- 
ters, or a divisional point of the railway, and within comparatively short 
distance from the City of Mexico. It is at Silao that another branch of 
the Mexican Central Railway connects Marfil and Guanajuato, a city of 
one hundred thousand inhabitants. This now quiet and picturesque 
town was only a few years back the headquarters of the noted Mexican 
banditti, and the term " After Dark in Silao " even now quiets the bad 
child and suggests the daring deeds of the far-famed robbers. 



GUANAJUATO, MEX. 

3407 miles from New York. 15 miles from Silao. 253 miles from the City of Mexico. 

This remarkably old point is reached by a branch line from Silao, 
and the run thither is very picturesque, winding around among the hills, 

where there are some pretty fields, 
passing adobe villages, and com- 
ing to Marfil. From here on a 
horse-car line is taken, which goes 
at a gallop up the barranca, pass- 
ing some of the greatest silver 
mines of the world and the haci- 
endas where the reduction works 
are located, for this settlement di- 
vides distinction with Zacatecas as 
an important mining town. The 
street, or road, along which the 
cars pass is crowded with people 
going to and fro, and with burros 
loaded with silver ore. The hills 
rise up high and steep on both 
sides, and wherever there is a 
place large enough in the rocks a house is built, the method of get- 
ting up or down being a secondary consideration ; and how the feat 




STREET SCENE AND CATHEDRAL, 
GUANAJUATO. 



35 



is accomplished by any animal short of a goat, or by any other means 
than a hook and ladder outfit, nobody will be able to determine. 
The homes of these cliff-dwellers dot the hills on both sides of the 
barranca and around the city. 

The curious graveyard on the crest of the hill will be of great 
interest to the tourist. Here the allotted grave space is rented out, 
similar to the temporary possession of a post-office box, and if by ill- 
luck arrears in dues occur the remains of the occupant are scattered 
to the four winds. After three miles of this Moorish street travel 
the cars stop at a charming little plaza, adorned with flowers and 
tropical plants. Here are the hotels and the centre of the city. The 
end of the track is opposite a lovely little park at the head of the 
ravine. This is the Alameda, and above it is the reservoir of the 
city's water supply. Several attractive residences are perched on the 
mountain-side, with a towering cliff 
at their back doors and miniature 
lakes at the front, while gal- 
lery and casement are 
hung with brightest , 

flowers. There is 
no such street nor 

such houses even in ; ''|j|j 

Mexico capital. ' . jj|||l 

Looking across °™" """ ' 

a reservoir of clear 
water may be seen 
little low houses of 
Pompeiian colors 
with case-mated 
windows covered 
with flowering 
vines, the gable to- 
ward the water, 
with an old wheel window, around which the vines climb. On a 
wall mayhap stands a peacock with feathers outspread 'gainst a light 
background, whilst the other birds sit quietly as if posing for a picture. 
Ducks swim lazily in the water of the foreground. The bridge thrown 
across the water is shaded by trees of japonica with bright yellow flowers 
growing through all their branches, making a truly ideal picture. 




BURRO TEAM. 



36 
QUERETARO, MEX. 

3507 miles from New York. 100 miles from Guanajuato. 153 miles from the 
City of Mexico. 

This is the particular point the tourist lias looked for, not only on 
account of its opal mines, its stupendous aqueduct, its interesting 
churches, and its celebrated factories, but because it is here the sad 
short reigning life of Maximilian may be viewed from his triumphant 
entry into the country until he was taken out and shot on the little 
barren hill in the suburbs of Queretaro. 

The town is of very ancient origin, having been founded by the 
Aztecs about 1445, and conquered by the Spaniards in Juty, 1531, led by 
a Lieutenant Cortez. In 1655 it was created by the King of Spain a 
city, and is historically of the greatest interest. Prominent notable 
events in its modern life were the ratification of the treaty of peace with 
the United States in 1848, its defense by Maximilian against the Liberal 
forces under General Escobedo, its fall, and the execution of Maxi- 
milian, Mejia, and Miramon in 1867. It is bathed perpetually in a 
tropical atmosphere, with products of summer at command all the 
year round. It is the reputed Conservative town of Mexico, and the 
tower of defense of the church party. 

CITY OF MEXICO, MEX. 

3660 miles from New York. 1119 miles from Eagle Pass. 143 miles from Queretaro. 

It was Bayard Taylor who pronounced the City of Mexico one of 
the loveliest scenes of the civilized world. Reading on the subject ever 
fails to give any impression like that of the reality. 

This beautiful city is built upon ground that was once the bed of a 
great lake. By reason of its population, intelligence, culture, beautiful 
location, healthful and even climate, historical, political, and commer- 
cial pre-eminence, it is justly entitled to its reputation as one of the 
celebrated cities of the M^orld. It is well lighted, supplied with pure 
water, has a police force uniformly efficient ; abundance of public car- 
riages at reasonable rates, under careful city regulations ; fine hotels, 
restaurants, cafds, gardens, baths, theatres, public library, museums, 
art galleries, and fine public buildings. Its colleges and schools are 
large and thoroughly organized. The National Palace, the City Hall, 
the great Cathedral and many of the churches are grand in architect- 
ural proportions and artistic effects. The suburbs are attractive and 



37 

connected by tramways. In about twelve hours one can reach the 
eternal snows of the summit of Popocatapetl, or the tropical heat and 
fruits of the "tierra caliente." 

More than three hundred years ago Hernando Cortez left Texcoco, 
cUmbed the eastern hills beyond the lake, and looked across the waters on 
the temple Tenochitlan ; he gazed with no less wonder than the peaceful ni- 
vaders of to-day who come through the Tajo de Nochistongo, and see from 
Huehuetoca the towers of the City of Mexico, now built where stood the 
temples of Tenochidan. In 1519 that ancient Aztec 
city was in the midst of the plain where - " 'i^>7'~ 

Mexico's capital is, and the chief temple 
stood on the present Cathedral's site. 
When Cortez came it was after a 
very wearisome journey from the 
coast. Montezuma met his guest 
at the causeways, and with a 
special committee of a hundred 
thousand warriors; the recep- 
tion to-day is, perhaps, less im- 
posing, but none the less truly 
welcome, from something less 
than a hundred thousand cocheros, 
who, with their green flags and blue, 
red flags and white, stand ready to 
receive the coming man to Mexico at a 
price indicated by the colors displayed on 
their caches ; they form a committee of hack- 
men in body. There is a difference in favor of the Mexican "cab- 
by," in that you do not have to ask the rate of fare, even if you 
know how. Each vehicle carries a small tin flag about four by two 
inches, which must always be nailed to the mast unless engaged. 

These flags indicate the class of vehicle and the tariff". Those with 
a green flag make a rate of $1.50 per hour or 75 cents per single passen- 
ger for a short drive within a district ; the blue flag hires for |i by the 
hour or 50 cents per passenger ; the red, 75 cents per hour or 25 cents 
per passenger ; the white flags are the cheapest, being only 50 cents per 
hour or whatever the passenger will pay, and if the red or white flags are 
selected, it is purely from an economical point of view, with no pretense to 
style of rig, and with no particular desire as to when the destination is to 




THE CA.THEDRAL. 



38 



be reached. If overcharges are made, and Mexican hackmen are not 
unlike their American brethren, ask for their number, mmiero is the 
word to use, and he will usually lapse to tariff rates. If a carriage is 
wanted for a single trip, simply call the name of the place ; if by the hour, 
say "' por hora,'" and the prices will be given, green flags, un peso y 
cuatro reales ;^' hhie., ^^ un peso ;^' red, " seis reales ; " white, ^^ cuatro 



reales.'^ After dark, 
figures are increased 
75 cents for white. 



and on feast days and Sundays, these 
green ; I1.50, blue ; |i, red ; and 
easy to find one's way about 
the city, and the fact that 
all prominent horse-car 
lines start from and re- 
turn to the Plaza Mayor, 
in front of the Cathedral, 
makes confusion impos- 
sible. 

The street-car system 
in the City of Mexico is 
a good one, reaching all 
railway stations and near- 
ly every point of interest 
in and around the city. 
Fares in the city un medio 
(6X cents), to the sub- 
urbs ufi real (12X cents), 
and dos reales (25 cents), 
according to the distance 
traveled. The second- 
class cars are much cheap- 
er, but are only patronized by the poorer classes. They are painted 
green and follow a half block behind the first-class cars, which are 
painted yellow. Parties desiring to visit points of interest may hire a 
special car as one would a carriage, for the afternoon or all day. 

The horse-car driver carries a tin horn, not unlike the campaign horn 
of the United States, which he blows assiduously, as a note of warning 
at street intersections. Conductors sell tickets and a collector gets on 
the cars at certain points of the route and takes them up. 

The street-car companies do not confine their operations to the pas- 
senger business solely, doing a large freight business as well. 




CHURCH OF LA SANTISSIMA, CITY OF MEXICO. 



39 

Cars leave the Plaza Mayor at short intervals of from fifteen to thirty 
minutes morning and afternoon, and less frequently in the evening, when 
the fares are increased. 

Nearly all the points of interest in and around the city may be more 
conveniently, comfortably, and quickly reached by car than by carriage. 

The principal points of visiting interest are the Cathedral, El Placio 
del poder Ejecutivo de la Nacion, or the White House, Colegro Minerea, 



*% ^1 




WAITING FOR THE MARKET BOATS, LA VIGA CANAL. 

El Musea Nacional, El Conservatorio de Musica, La Academia de San 
Carlos, La Biblioteca Nacional, and El Aqueducto. 



SUBURBS OF THE CITY OF MEXICO. 

Among the suburban points of interest are the gardens and orchards 
of San Angel and Tacubaya, a place of summer resort of the native 
upper crust, and sort of local Monte Carlo. A line of cars goes very 
near to the Castle of Chapultepec, but from thence a closer view 
necessitates a tiresome walk up the hill ; it is best to take a carriage 
to Chapultepec. Popotla, Tacuba, and Atzcapotzalco are, also, the 



40 



destinations of horse-car tours that are most interesting. On the line 
to Tacuba, which was once a causewaj^ is the place of "'el salto de 
Alvarado'' (the leap of Alvarado), where that warrior made his fa- 
mous leap for life. The exact spot, as shown, is in front of the Tivoli 
del Eliseo. At the end of the causeway, near the church of San 
Esteban, is the tree of Noche Triste (the dismal night), where Cortez 
sat down and cried after his defeat. The tree is a giant ahuehuete or 
cypress, of great age, now inclosed with an iron rail to prevent a re- 
currence of further vandalism, as occurred some years ago, by a crank 
having set it on fire. 

The floatmg gardens, Chinainpas, on the Viga canal, are reached by 
horse-cars from the Plaza Mayor, near the Cathedral, to Embarcadero, 
and thence by canoe. The boats are a sort of a Mexican 
edition of a Venetian gondola, broad and flat-bottomed, 
with seats underneath a canopy in bright colors ; they 
are propelled by a pole in the hands of a dusky native. 
The excursion is altogether a novel 
one, particularly on Sundays and 
feast days, and will not be over- 
looked. Unless you 
„„^^,~ ;/'■ are thoroughly Mex- 

"'\ i k mki L - ^^^'^ ^^ ''^ hest to 

: -. .^^.^^j^^^^^SSbh^^ makeapicnic 

"^ ' ^^^^^^^^■■m of it and take 

your provender 
along, but as 
you are gliding 
along there will 
come along- 
side a longer 
and narrower 
canoe hewn from the trunk of a single tree. In one end of this quaint 
craft stands a swarthy Mexican with a single oar of long handle — in 
the other a comely woman and often a pretty girl, who will offer for 
a llaco or a cuartilla, the native sandwich, a tortilla con carne or a 
tortilla con diilce. No advice is given as to this purchase, but the tor- 
tillas of La Viga will be found clean and toothsome. 

This excursion is indeed a novel one. The boatmen meet the horse- 
cars at the terminus and bid against each other for patronage ; there 





A NATIVE GONDOLIER. 



41 
is no regular tariff, twenty-five cents [dos reales) for each Passenger is 
ufficientto Santa Anita and return; the longer excursions to the lakes 
and towns beyond, of course, cost more. Santa Anita is a sort of na- 
t^e Coney Island, and is a great resort, but the charm is m the ride 
hither passing ukder the low-arched bridges, the market boats laden 
wS. fr;its and flowers, which must stop at the La Viga gate and pay a 
luty to the city, levied on all imports from the country There are great 
Ton" flat-bottomed passenger packets, also propelled by poles, going to 
and from the towns across on the other shores of Texcoco Xochimilco, 
and cHco, crowded with men, women, and children and dogs, starting 
or returning from a voyage of a day and a night. 

Any day will do for the La Viga voyage ; but Sunday, or, better still 
on a feast day, there will be flowers afloat and ashore, and music of 
every desription, most of it in harmony, from the tinkle of a guitar to 
the blare of a brass band ; gayly dressed men and more gayly dressed 
women, singing and dancing on the boats or under the trees f^^^^^^ 
de La Viga, which is a walk extending along the canal. On the banks ol 
l1 Viga once lived El Sefior Don Juan Corona of most happy memory, 

revered for deeds of daring, and loved for ^ 

his charity ; he was not a soldier nor a ^ ~^\^^ 

Sunday-school superintendent ; in life 
Don Juan was a bull fighter, the 
much renowned in his day. The 
gondolier will stop at the haci- 
enda of Don Juan Corona. En- 
tering beneath a hospitable roof 
one will find a house intensely 
Mexican, shaded by trees and 
almost hidden by chmbing vines 
and flowers. Every room is a 
museum in itself, filled with relics 
of every age and time of Mexico's 
history, curious objects collected 
from all over the country, in dozens 
and scores ; there is a cigar-case once 
owned by the patriot priest Hidalgo, 
also a pistol and sword carried by him ; some pieces fiom the table 
service of the Emperor Maximilian ; several idols found in the pyra- 
mids of San Juan Teotihuacan ; weapons, feathers, and war-dresses 




UNLOADING THE 
MARKET BOATS, 
LA VIGA CANAL. 



42 

used by the Aztecs ; one of the guns with which Maximilian was 
shot ; the bed used by General Santa Ana, while president of Mex- 
ico ; a rifle used by General Miramon in the siege of Queretaro ; a 
magnificent collection of chicaras (chocolate cups) painted by the In- 
dians of the State of Michoacan ; very curious ancient bull-fighter dress- 
es, among which is the one used by the Spanish matador Bernardo 
Gaviiio when he was killed in the ring at Texcoco. 

GUADALUPE CHURCH. 

The church of Guadalupe, commandingly perched on the crown of 
a high hill, is at the end of a most interesting horse-car excursion. Cars 
leave the Plaza Mayor half hourly, and run through the narrow streets, 
cross the marshes on a broad causeway lined with trees — in ancient 
times of practical road use, but now only a romantic walk. Maiiy 
shrines along the route are still standing, and here the people stop to 
invoke the blessing of this saint or that as the pilgrimage moves on 
to the holiest shrine. 

There are churches and pictures in Mexico, but Guadalupe is the 
holiest shrine of all and has the most mysterious picture — a repre- 
sentation of the Virgin — which, although nearly four hundred years old 
and appearing on an Indian tibna of the cheapest, commonest sort, and 
during these three centuries has been exposed to a salty deteriorating 
air, its colors are bright and fresh as if painted yesterday ; and in proof 
of its alleged divine origin the decay of surrounding pictures is pointed 
out, while this remains alone fresh and bright. Legend says that a pious 
Indian, Juan Diego by name, was surprised by an apparition of the 
Virgin, who commanded him to gather flowers on the barren hill where 
she appeared and where the church now stands. To gather flowers in 
such a place seemed impossible, but he found them there, gathered them 
in his tilnia and carried them to the priest with the message that a shrine 
to the Virgin must be erected on the spot. The Indian's story was not 
believed, but when the flowers were emptied from his tibna there ap- 
peared a most perfect picture of the Virgin, in style different from any 
other, and painted in such colors that even the artists of to-day have 
not been able to fathom their ingredients or the mysterious laying on. 
The church was built as it stands to-day, and over its altar, in a frame 
of gold, hangs the tibna with the sacred picture. A fund of some 
millions of dollars has been collected to provide a surmounting crown 
of gold, but it now waits the sanction of the powers at Rome before 
the plan can be carried out. 



43 

The cars 'stop at the foot of the hill, crowning which is the shrine 
of Guadalupe. Passing through a little garden or park to the right 
of the church, one comes to a small chapel, in the entrance of which 
is a fountain of pure, clear water, which is said to have gushed forth 
from the ground where the Virgin stood when she appeared to Juan 
Diego. From this spot around the corner of a narrow street are some 
stone stairs leading to the shrine or chapel on the crest of the hill 
where Juan gathered the flowers, and is one of the most picturesque 
localities in all Mexico. On ascending the stairs may be seen, on the 




GARDEN OF MAXIMILIAN PALACE. 

right near the top, what seems to be a ship's mast with sails all set, 
done in stone. A legend says that some storm-tossed sailors prayed 
to the Virgin of Guadalupe and vowed that if they were saved from a 
watery grave they would carry the mast to the shrine and erect it there 
as a memorial and thank-offering— which 'tis said they did carry from 
Vera Cruz, incased it in stone, and erected it where it stands to-day. 



CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC. 

This castle occupies a noble position upon the summit of a rocky 
hill which lifts itself considerably above the neighboring plain, and is sur- 



44 

rounded by a magnificent grove of old cypress trees, from which depend 
festoons of Spanish moss. There are walks and drives through the 
grove, and at the foot of the hill is the spring from whence the city de- 
rives its chief water supply, and also a monument to the cadets who 
fell in defense of the castle when it was attacked by the Americans 
in 1847. The castle occupies the site of Moiitezuma's palace. In rear 
of the hill is the ground where the sanguinary battle of Molino del Rey 
was fought at the time of the storming of the castle. A portion of the 
structure has been fitted up as a residence for President Diaz and his 
successors, and the rest is occupied as the National Military School. 
There are about three hundred and twenty cadets, the full comple- 
ment of the school, at the present time. The view from the ramparts 
and terraces is magnificent, comprising the cit}', with its many domes 
and towers, the surrounding fields and meadows, and the inclosing 
mountains, with Popocatapetl and Ixtaccihuatl standing proudly above 
all. 

ESPERANZA, MEX. 

3812 miles from New York. 152 miles from the Citj' of Mexico. 

Esperanza is a great shipping point for cereals, ores, and other 
products of the country, brought here on burros to be forwarded on the 
cars ; all about the station the burros may be seen forming picturesque 
groups as they stand lazily waiting to unload or start on the return trip. 




THE PEAK AT ORIZABA. 



ORIZABA, MEX. 

3841 miles from New York. 29 miles from Esperanza. 
181 miles from City of Mexico. 

This city, nestling in a lovely valley, 
is inhabited by twenty thousand 
people. It is a town quaintly 
picturesque, and is located just 
on the border of the hot coun- 
try. It is said to occupy the 
site of an ancient town con- 
quered by Montezuma in the 
fifteenth century. Tourists 
will have an advantage by 
starting early on their inves- 
tigation trips, and here there 
is much to see : the old churches, 
the plaza, the alameda with its 





45 

tropical flowers, the market places, the bull-fighting arena, which is 
in an old convent, the waterfalls in the neighborhood, and all the great 
natural beauty of the place proper and suburbs. 

On the left, overlooking the city, j^ i < 

is the hill where a sharp battle 
was fought between the French 
and Mexicans, and a cross 
is erected there to the mem- l,^^., 
ory of the fallen. This great 
Mount of Orizaba, as illus- 
trated herein, was known 
by the ancients as the 
"Mountain of the Star," 
and tradition tells us that 
the "God of the Air" was the cathedral. 

buried in its peak, consumed by fire and then took flight to the higher 
realm in the disguise of a peacock. 

PASO DEL MACHO, MEX. 

3876 miles from New York. 35 miles from Orizaba. 216 miles from City of Mexico. 

This settlement is the extreme southern point touched by the tour. 
SANTA ANA, MEX. 

3946 miles from New York. 105 miles from Orizaba. 96 miles from City of Mexico. 

Santa Ana in itself would consume the time devoted to the stop, but 
the disposition of the short stay must be divided to the sight-seeing in 
and about the town. It is a station on the line leading from Apizaco to 
Puebla, and though not occupied as extensively as many of its sister 
settlements in manufacture it presents an antique and historical life of 
great interest. It also holds an important railroad position. 

TLAXCALA, MEX. 

Tlaxcala is reached from Santa Ana by tramway. It is the capital 
of the State of same name and is one of the gray-bearded cities of 
Mexico, holding invaluable relics. The Tlaxcalans at the time of Cortez's 
conquest numbered some forty thousand and aided materially in ac- 
complishing Montezuma's overthrow ; to-day difficulty would be encoun- 
tered in gathering one-tenth that number. Paintings, the Cortez banner, 
and old Indian and Spanish relics will interest the tourist and afford 



46 

those with cameras ample opportunity for snap shots. The Convent 
of San Francisco dating back to the sixteenth century is the first of four 
religious establishments of its kind built by the Spanish fathers. In it 
are many paintings, and the first pulpit erected in the new world. 



CHOLULA, MEX. 

Cholula is chiefly noted for its famous ancient monument, the Aztec 
Pyramid. 

This handsome structure was first built over two hundred feet high 
on the crest of the height, and was the dedicated temple to Quetzalocatl, 
" God of Air," but now it is changed into a church. A paved road winds 
up the side of the hill to the pyramid and a beauti- 
ful command of the surrounding views 
, ^^B of far-off hills, volcanoes, and valley 

is obtained, while directly at the 
hill's base spreads the quaint 
little village of Cholula. This 
relic of the ancients is tv/o hun- 
dred and four feet in height, 
measures one thousand and six- 
^ ty feet at the base, and its top 

.._.■■" is a platform one hundred and 
sixty-five feet square. It is com- 
posed of alternate strata of brick 
and clay. The sides are now over- 
grown with grass, shrubs, and even 
large trees. The view at the top of this 
winding road is surpassingly beautiful. Po- 
pocatapetl is not more than twenty miles distant, and is visible from 
its base to its snow-covered summit, as well as the long, snow- 
capped ridge of Ixtaccihuatl. In the opposite direction rises the 
black mass of Malinche ; and in the distance, to the right of Puebla, 
is the great snow cone of Orizaba. Cholula is spread out at the foot 
of the pyramid, its plaza and neighboring churches being prominent 
objects ; and all around are rich fields of corn and wheat. Scattered 
everywhere about the fair plain are little villages, with church towers, or 
else churches standing alone, while their morning or curfew bells vibrat- 
ingly chant their religious tones, far and near. 




AZTEC PYRAMID. 



47 




CHURCH OF SAN CRISTOBAL, PUEBLA. 



PUEBLA, MEX. 

3965 miles from New York. 19 miles from Santa Ana. 115 miles from City of Mexico. 

Puebla is not behind the average American city 
horse-cars lead to all parts of the city and to the sur- 
rounding villages, making it quite a railway centre. 
It is located seven thousand one hun- 
dred feet above the sea level, is an im- 
portant manufacturing and mercan- 
tile point, and a marvelously 
beautiful place with its ' 

many streets and houses 
decorated with glazed 
tiles. The twin volca- 
noes are nearer to Puebla 
than they are to the City 
of Mexico, and the view 
is as equally fine. 

Puebla was founded 
in 1531, and retains many 
of its old Spanish characteristics. The use in the city of richly colored 
glazed tiles produces the most beautiful eiTects. Not alone upon the 

domes and outer and inner walls of 
churches are these tiles used, but for 
exterior and interior decoration of 
a majority of the houses. The city 
was formerly called Puebla de los 
A7igeles : but since the victorious 
battle of the Mexicans against 
the French, which was fought 
on the neighboring heights 
of Loreto and Guadalupe, 
May 5th, 1862, under the 
direction of General Ig- 
nacio Zaragoza, it has 
borne the title of Puebla 
de Zaragoza. A cathedral 
occupies the southern side 
of the Plaza Mayor, and is 

BEGGARS, 




'*>!•»«—,. 



48 

a magnificent edifice with a dome and two high towers, from which a 
magnificent view is to be had of the rich valley below and the great 
snow-crowned peaks of the three mountains. The churches of La Com- 
pania, Nuestra Senora del Carmen, and San Francisco warrant a visit, 
and the market place is not without interest. 

GUADALAJARA, MEX. 

4460 miles from New York. 495 miles from Puebla. 380 miles from City of Mexico. 

Guadalajara is a very beautiful and very interesting city, the capital 
of Jalisco. For centuries it has been noted for its fine pottery, ornamental 
and glazed, in the most beautiful and fantastic designs. Manufacturing in 
almost every branch is carried on, as this has for centuries been a great 
commercial centre and distributing point for a large territory. There are 
four lines of horse-railways leading to the different suburbs, each one 
offering something of interest to the tourist. 

The city is beautifully laid out ; the streets run at right angles and 
for many blocks the walk- ways are under the stone portales. There are no 
finer public buildings anywhere in Mexico than in Guadalajara. Among 
these are the Cathedral, the Governor's palace, and the DegoUado 
theatre, all magnificent specimens of the Mexican style of architecture, 
and of such proportions as to be totally unexpected in this far-away 
region so long without communication with the outside world. 

Through the eastern part of the city runs the San Juan de Dios, 
and along that stream is the paseo from the alameda to the southern 
boundary of the city. The Alameda, Plaza de Armas, Jardin Botanico, 
Par que Alcade, and Calzada de San Pedro are all pretty parks or gar- 
dens where there are music and flowers— places of great resort in the 
evening, Sundays, and feast days. 

The Hospital of Guadalajara contains twenty-three patios, and each 
has its flowers, plants, and fountains. 

What with the markets, streets, people, and scenery, the tourists will 
have their hands full in reviewing. 

THE FALLS OF JUANACATLAN, MEX.. 

This Mexican Niagara is about fifteen miles from Guadalajara. The 
Rio Lerma where the water makes its desperate plunge has a width of 
about six hundred feet, and the falls have a sheer descent of nearly 



49 

seventy feet. It is one of the most picturesque sights in Mexico. Surely 
it is a weak rival to America's great boast, yet it resembles the Niagara 
River's leap, in miniature. 

Waterfalls are not common in Mexico at all seasons. It is only in 
the rainy season, when water falls to any alarming extent ; then there are 
cascades and cataracts that are not all in your eye, so to speak ; they 
are here, there, and everywhere, and are not always either useful or 
ornamental — but Juanacatlan is a beauty and a joy forever in Mexico 
in that its waters flow on forever, in season or out of season, and the 
journey thither is one of the tourist's things to do. 

CHIHUAHUA, MEX. 

5401 miles from New York. 941 miles from Guadalajara. 999 miles from City of Mexico. 

The city of Chihuahua, capital of the State of Chihuahua, was 
founded in 1539, and is built upon a high plain four thousand six hun- 
dred feet above the sea, surrounded by mountains, giving it the salu- 
brious climate for which it is famed. The centre of attraction in the city 
is the Cathedral, of whose beauty and magnificence so much has been 
written. It is a grand and stately pile of light-colored stone, with an 
immense central dome and two lofty towers. The facade of the Cathe- 
dral is embellished with life-size statues of the Saviour and the twelve 
Apostles, while the interior is ornamented with many fine paintings. 
The towers contain many bells, one of which was shattered by a cannon 
ball from the invading army of Maximilian in 1866. These bells of the 
Cathedral are very mellow-toned. From these towers an extended view 
of the attractive valley can be obtained. The Cathedral was built in the 
early part of the last century at a cost of |8oo,ooo. It is second only in 
size to the grand Cathedral in Mexico City, and is, without doubt, the 
noblest structure in Northern Mexico. 

A visit to the Mint is not without reward, for, aside from the usual 
attractions of an institution of that kind, visitors are shown the tower 
room in which Miguel Hidalgo, the Liberator priest of Mexico, who led 
the Revolution of 1810, was confined the night previous to his execution, 
July 31st, 1811. A monument now marks the spot where he was exe- 
cuted. 

Other buildings of note are the State House, Convent of San Fran- 
cisco, Mexico National Bank, Bank of Santa Eulalia, several theatres 
and hotels, and last, but not least, the market, which should not be 



5° 

neglected, for it is here that the Northern tourist will find fruits pecu- 
liar to this section of the world, unknown in the Northern and East- 
ern States. 

The city has several charming parks liberally supplied with seats 
of stone and masonry, under grand old shade trees ; and with the perfume 
of flowering shrubs and plants, the tinkling waters of the fountains and 
strains of sweet Mexican music, one does not wonder that the whole 
city turns out at evening to enjoy itself in these lovely spots. 

At the Chapel of Guadalupe, which stands at the head of one of 
the parks, may be seen a statue of Loyola, the great Jesuit, and just 
beyond an attractive avenue leading into one of the fashionable suburbs 
of the city, containing a number of fine houses and beautifully-kept 
gardens. The Rio Chubisco, a pretty stream, runs through the city 
and adds much to the beauty of Chihuahua. The city is supplied with 
pure water, which is brought a distance of three and a half miles by 
an immense aqueduct built on arches of stone and constructed over 
two hundred years ago. It is a truly wonderful piece of masonry, and 
travelers are impressed with its resemblance to the remnants of the 
Claudian aqueduct which crossed the Campagna at Rome. 

Tourists will be impressed with the commercial activity of the city. 
The machine shops and foundry of the Compania Industrial Mexicana, 
on such a large scale, suggest the enterprise of a manufacturing city 
in the United States, 

The inexhaustible silver mines of the surrounding mountains have 
contributed to the wealth and importance of the city. A visit to some 
of these mines, and listening to the romantic history of their discovery 
and early workings as told by the miners, will amply repay the time. 
The Santa Eulalia Mine, only one of the many w^hich surround Chi- 
huahua, has been worked for several hundred years, and it alone, 
between 1703 and 1833, yielded silver to the amount of 1344,000,000. 
There are some wonderful and only partly-explored caves in the 
vicinity of Chihuahua, which are claimed to be more beautiful in 
stalactite and stalagmite formations than the Mammoth Cave of Ken- 
tucky. 

A great attraction Chihuahua possesses, and which assumes the 
form of a monopoly, is the tiny Chihuahua dog, wonderfully small and 
remarkably intelligent. Its origin is enveloped in mystery, and not 
being found in any other part of the country renders Chihuahua the 
Mecca for all pet dog fanciers. 



51 
EL PASO, TEX. 

2772 miles to New York. 225 miles from Chihuahua. 

The quaintness of El Paso, with its picturesqueness of situation, 
is strongly marked. Across the river, connected by horse-cars, lies 
the old town of Paso del Norte, newly named Juarez, both places, 
with their crooked streets, irregular roads, and sunburnt-brick houses, 
speaking eloquently of the Mexican. At El Paso Central time changes 
to Pacific. Paso del Norte is supposed to have been settled about 
the year 1585. In September, 1888, a monument to the memory of 
Benito Jaurez was unveiled, and the name of the place was changed 
to that of its famous son, whose patriotic deeds had won a laurel 
crown for his country. There is an old church at the head of the 
plaza. El Paso is a compact and more flourishing town, with every 
evidence of American thrift, energy, and enterprise. The city con- 
tains many new and handsome structures, including a county court- 
house, schools, churches, and business edifices. 

SANTA FE, N. MEX. 
2433 miles to New York. 339 miles from El Paso. 

Santa F6 is one of the oldest settlements on the American con- 
tinent, and replete with interest. The Plaza, or Mud Palace, which 
has been the seat of every grade of government, from the barbaric 
to the civilized, should be visited, as well as the Cathedral and the 
old Church of San Miguel, five hours of daylight will be allowed 
here. 

LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS, N. MEX. 

2343 miles to New York. 90 miles from Santa Fe. 

The respect of men for the mysterious fountains freshly flowing from 
the laboratories of the gnomes and elves, and warmed in subterranean 
cauldrons, extends far back into savagery. The cures effected by them 
are accepted facts older than medical science. These springs, more 
than any other locality in a wide realm of mountain and plateau, were 
the subjects of tradition. They were even a subject of tribal jealousy, 
and were guarded by painted and feathered sentinels against use or 
seizure by some other tribe. 



52 

COLORADO SPRINGS, COL. 

2012 miles to New York. 331 miles from Las Vegas Hot Springs. 

At Colorado Springs ample opportunity will be afforded to thor- 
oughly view the charming city under the shadow of Pike's Peak. The 
climate is grand, and the scenic attractions unrivaled. Seven miles 
away is the famous resort Manitou, with its world-renowed "Garden 
of the Gods." 

DENVER, COL. 

1937 miles to New York. 75 miles from Colorado Springs. 

In this pushing, bright, and cultured city of the plain, the social 
and commercial centre of not only Colorado alone, but of the outlying 
States, there is much to admire in the handiwork of man, and enough 
to fill with interest the eight hours to be devoted to it. Within a figura- 
tive stone's throw of its walls are the world-known cattle ranches and 
silver-producing sections. The industry of wresting the precious metals 
from their rocky prisons is carried on upon a very extensive scale and 
may be seen a short distance outside of the city. Deliver seems to the 
returning traveler the portal to the populous East. 

CHICAGO, ILL. 

912 miles to New York. 1025 miles from Denver. 

An adequate description to cover the numerous points of interest in 
the World's Fair City cannot be given here. However, tourists will 
scarcely need such an aid. The drives to the site of the Fair and a 
review of buildings erected so far, the visit to the parks, museums, pub- 
lic buildings and stock-yards will thoroughly occupy the time, and per- 
haps the best illustration of push, rush, and American activity in busi- 
ness, as seen in the Chicago streets, will be a revelation to many. 



53 



REDEMPTION OF TICKETS. 



All tickets must be paid for at least one week prior to the date of 
departure of the tour. 

If, for any reason, purchasers of tickets are unable to use them, the 
tickets will be redeemed, provided they are presented for redemption, 
either personally or by letter, at the General Office of the Company, 
Philadelphia, one week prior to the date of the tour. 

Letters and requests for reservations of space or tickets may be ad- 
dressed to Geo. W. Boyd, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Philadel- 
phia, Pa., or to Tourist Agent, Pennsylvania Railroad, at the offices 
given below. 



OFFICES OF THE TOURIST AGENTS OF THE COMPANY. 

Philadelphia 233 South Fourth Street. 

New York 849 Broadway. 

Boston 205 Washington Street. 

THE STAFF OF THE TOURIST DEPARTMENT. 
- Tourist Agents. Chaperons. 

Colin Studds, Mrs. H. F. Bender, 

J. P. McWiLLiAMs, Miss E. C. Bingham, 

Thomas Purdy. Miss Zerelda W. Beaty. 



|^= The importance of reserving space at once is apparent, as the 
tour is absolutely limited not to exceed eighty persons. 

Time-tables giving the schedule of the movement of the Special 
Trains will be placed in the hands of every tourist, so that he may see 
at a glance just where the train is at any hour. These tables will be 
forwarded to every purchaser of a ticket, and a supply of them will 
be placed on the train. 



54 

ADVANTAGES OF THE MEXICAN TOUR. 

There can be no question as to the attractiveness of Mexico as a field 
for the tourist. Mythological associations linger around its ruins, while 
its mountains, valleys, and cities are clustered about with historical and 
contemporary interest. Its quaint people, their curious customs and 
manner of living, the houses, the churches, and even the wayside shrines, 
cannot fail to attract and absorb the attention of the Northern visitor. 
Novel scenes follow each other with the rapidity of kaleidoscopic changes, 
and the mind of the stranger is continually receiving new impressions. 
Natural scenery in all the diversity of plain, valley, mountain, and peak 
lends a charm to the landscape which is rendered more beautiful by 
flowers and shrubbery that thrive beneath a tropical sky. 

It is an old land being warmed into a new life by an invigorated civil- 
ization, and while the monuments of a richly historical past are preserved 
with sacred care, the influence of a new spirit is clearly manifested in 
modern institutions and development. 

The republic of Mexico is our neighbor and our friend. Her people 
are entering upon the enjoyment of that liberty which has so long been 
our birthright. As they learn more and more to value it, the recipro- 
cal relations which are now being so auspiciously established will bind 
the sister nations in a neighborly union that cannot fail to be pro- 
ductive of the greatest benefits to both. 

These considerations alone are sufficient to make this tour interesting 
and attractive to every American. 



IND EX 



PAGE 

A Dalmouicaii Dining Car 9 

Advantages of the Mexican Tour ... 54 j 

A Panoramic View of the Route ... 10 { 

Aguascalientes . . ; 33 

A word about Pennsylvania Tours . . 5 

Baggage 12 

Birmingham 28 

Castle of Chapultepec 43 

Chicago 52 

Chihuahua 49 

Cholula 46 

Cincinnati 27 

City of Mexico 36 

Clothing 13 

Colorado Springs 52 

Denver 52 

Detailed Itinerary 14-24 

Directions for Forwarding Mail ... 26 

El Paso 51 

Esperanza 44 

Extra Pullman Accommodations ... 26 

Falls of Juanacatlan 48 

Galveston 30 

Guadalajara 48 

Guadalupe Church 42 

Guanajuato 34 

Hints on Clothing 13 

Houston 29 

How the Tourists Travel 8 

Las Vegas Hot Springs 51 

Leon 33 



PACK 

Luxurious Sleeping Quarters 10 

Mail, Directions for Forwarding ... 26 

Mammoth Cave 27 

Mexican Money 12, 13 

Montgomery 28 

New Orleans 28 

Orizaba 44 

Paso del Macho 45 

Pennsylvania Tours to the Golden Gate 56 

Pennsylvania Tours to Jacksonville . . 57 

Personal Escort 5 

Puebla 47 

Queretaro 36 

Rates 7> 25 

Rates for Extra Pullman Accommoda- 
tions 26 

Redemption of Tickets 53 

Route of Tour 7, 14-24 

San Antonio 30 

Santa Ana . 45 

Santa F6 51 

Silao 34 

Some Hints 12 

Suburbs of City of Mexico 39 

Table of Distances 25 

The Mexico Tour 7 

Tlaxcala 45 

Torreon 31 

Tourist Agents and Chaperons .... 53 

Under Personal Escort 5 

Zacatecas 31 



(55) 



Pennsylvania Tours 



GOLDEN GATE. 



This is the title of a handsome illustrated Itinerary just issued by 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, containing full information as to 

how a personally- 
conducted tour 
may be pleasant- 
ly and profitably 
spent in Califor- 
nia or Mexico. 
The first tour 
leaves New^ York 
January 13th, and 
speeds directly to 
the Pacific Coast 
via St. Louis, 
Kansas City, Las 
Vegas, and Santa 
F^. The second 
tour, February 
24th, runs direct- 
ly to New Or- 
leans via Cincin- 
nati and Mam- 
moth Cave, and 
thence, after the 
Mardi Gras fes- 
tivities, to the Pa- 
cific Coast. The 
third and fourth, 
both through Cal- 
ifornia tours, will 

DATE PALMS, SAN DIEGO. 




57 

leave March 24th and April 20th respectively. Tourists will travel by 
superbly-appointed special trains of Pullman drawing-room sleeping, 
dining, smoking, and observation cars, under the supervision of a 
Tourist Agent and Chaperon. Residents of New England desiring to 
join these parties are afforded special facilities for taking the special 
train at New York and Philadelphia. The rates for the round trip are 
exceptionally low, and include not only all necessary traveling expenses 
en route to the Pacific Coast and return, but also side trips to attractive 
resorts in California, and several carriage and stage rides of interest. 




ON THE BANKS OF THE HALIFAX. 



JACKSONVILLE TOURS. 

A series of six tours from New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- 
ington, and other principal points on the Pennsylvania S^^stem is fixed 
for the following dates :— 

Tuesday, January igth, 

Tuesday, February 2d, 

Tuesday, February i6th, 

Tuesday, March ist, i^ih, and 2gth, 1892. 



58 

The first five tours will admit of a visit of two entire weeks in the 
flowery State, and the returning parties will leave Jacksonville for home 
on the dates following : — 

Thursday, February 4th and 18th, 

Thursday, March 3d, ijth, and jist, 1892. 

Tickets for the sixth tour will be valid for return by regular trains 
until May 30th, 1892. 

The period allowed is amply sufficient to admit of a thorough tour 
of all the interesting places in the Peninsula. 

Rates for the round trip, I50.00 from New York, I48.00 from Phila- 
delphia, and proportionate rates from other stations. 

ILLUSTRATED ITINERARIES, 

Containing all detailed information, as well as descriptive notes of Cal- 
ifornia or Florida, may be procured by addressing Geo. W. Boyd, As- 
sistant General Passenger Agent, Philadelphia, Pa., or Tourist Agent, 
Pennsylvania Railroad, 849 Broadway, New York, or 205 Washington 
Street, Boston. 




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